O que é lactose?
A lactose é um hidrato de carbono, mais especificamente um dissacarídeo que é composto por dois monossacarídeos: a glicose e a galactose.
A lactose é o único hidrato de carbono do leite e é exclusiva desse alimento, porque apenas é produzida nas glândulas mamárias dos mamíferos: no leite humano representa cerca de 7,2% e no leite de vaca cerca de 4,7%.
Para ser absorvida, a lactose tem de ser dividida em glicose e galactose e, por isso, todos os mamíferos produzem uma enzima que tem essa função – a lactase.
A intolerância à lactose refere-se aos sintomas decorrentes da presença de lactose mal digerida no intestino. Para digerirmos a lactose necessitamos de uma enzima – a lactase – que tem a função de dividir a lactose nos seus componentes mais simples (glicose e galactose), permitindo a sua absorção para a corrente sanguínea.
Quando o organismo não produz lactase suficiente (hipolactasia ou deficiência da lactase), a lactose permanece “inteira” no intestino, podendo causar sintomas de desconforto abdominal com dor, diarreia, náuseas, flatulência e/ou inchaço abdominal.
A deficiência da lactase raramente é total, por isso os que têm uma digestão limitada da lactose podem ou não manifestar os sintomas da intolerância.
Para ser absorvida, a lactose precisa de ser hidrolisada no intestino por uma enzima específica – a lactase. Está hidrólise não é mais do que a separação da lactase em componentes menores: a glicose e a galactose. Este são absorvidos diretamente para a corrente sanguínea e desempenham papéis distintos no organismo: a glicose é utilizada como fonte de energia e a galactose torna-se um componente de glicolipídios e glicoproteínas.
Se a lactose não for digerida – separada nos seus componentes – permanece inteira no intestino sem ser absorvida para a corrente sanguínea, o que pode provocar a drenagem de água para o lúmen intestinal, que por sua vez resulta em diarreia. Simultaneamente, a lactose inteira e fermentada por bactérias da flora intestinal que produzem gases e ácidos orgânicos, podendo gerar sintomas de dor, inchaço e flatulência.
“Eliminar o glúten da dieta provoca a redução no grau de inflamação do organismo”.
“A dieta sem lactose auxilia o bom funcionamento do intestino em pessoas com intolerância e evita os sintomas causados pela ingestão da mesma”.
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